Trees and shrubs are a wonderful addition to any landscape, instantly transforming dull patches of land into desirable green spaces. Besides the aesthetic values they impart, planting trees and shrubs are a wise environmental and economical move. Both purify oxygen, guard against soil erosion and, like most forms of landscaping, increase property value. Certainly, both trees and shrubs are desirable landscaping elements. But what exactly is the different between the two, and what are their unique landscaping pros and cons?
From a botanical point of view, the difference between trees and shrubs primarily boils down to size and stem structure. According to the National Audubon Society’s Field Guide to Trees, a tree is defined as a woody plant with one primary stem, i.e. the trunk. The trunk’s circumference is expected to be at least three inches in diameter. The tree itself should also be able to grow at least 13 feet in height and produce a well defined system of branches and leaves. A shrub, on the other hand, is of short stature and supported by several stems that branch out from its base. It is technically possible for a variety of plant to be both a tree and a shrub simultaneously, with the species developing as a tree in favorable climates and remaining a stunted shrub in hostile ones. Even so, whether each individual plant is to be considered a tree or a shrub would be based on the above measurements.
From a landscaper’s perspective, the difference between trees and shrubs is more nuanced. Shrubs are generally hardier than trees, able to survive in rugged climates throughout the world. This makes them ideal for landscaping in places with extreme temperatures, or where clients want to spend minimal time and effort on maintenance. However, their association with hardiness also gives shrubs an air of toughness that makes them less sought after in residential design. Trees, on the other hand, have long been symbols of longevity and prosperity. When planted properly, they give an air of permanence and serenity that is difficult to substitute. They are therefore highly sought after by home owners, as well as commercial businesses seeking a ‘homey’ feel.
But despite their attractiveness, trees do have several drawbacks. For one, trees can be notoriously slow growers. It can take many years for them to reach a substantial height, flower, or bear fruit. Their added stature also makes them excellent targets for high winds, lightening, and other environmental hazards. Lastly, trees require regular maintenance which includes annual spraying and pruning. Shrubs however grow quickly, and require little more than a periodic, easy-to-reach trim. At the end of the day, many landscapers choose to mix and match shrubs and trees in their designs. Thus they achieve the best of both worlds: fast-growing, low-maintenance shrubs that act as immediate landscape accents, and attention-getting, work-intensive trees that make strong long-term features.
